Glyceryl monostearate, also known as monostearin, is a mixture of variable proportions of glyceryl monostearate (C21H42O4), and glyceryl esters of fatty acids present in commercial stearic acid. Glyceryl monostearate is prepared by glycerolysis of certain fats or oils that are derived from edible sources or by esterification, with glycerin, of stearic acid that is derived from edible sources.
- glyceryl stearate is an emulsifier that helps form neutral, stable emulsions. It is also a solvent, humectant, and consistency regulator in water-in-oil and oil-in-water formulations. In addition, it can be used as a skin lubricant and imparts a pleasant skin feel. glyceryl stearate is a mixture of mono-, di-, and triglycerides of palmitic and stearic acids, and is made from glycerin and stearic fatty acids. Derived for cosmetic use from palm kernel or soy oil, it is also found in the human body. It is very mild with a low skin-irritation profile; however, a slight risk of irritation exists if products contain poor quality glyceryl stearate.
- The many varieties of glyceryl monostearate are used as nonionic emulsifiers, stabilizers, emollients, and plasticizers in a variety of food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications. It acts as an effective stabilizer, that is, as a mutual solvent for polar and nonpolar compounds that may form water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsions.These properties also make it useful as a dispersing agent for pigments in oils or solids in fats, or as a solvent for phospholipids, such as lecithin.
- Glyceryl monostearate has also been used in a novel fluidized hot-melt granulation technique for the production of granules and tablets.
- Glyceryl monostearate is a lubricant for tablet manufacturing and may be used to form sustained-release matrices for solid dosage forms. Sustained-release applications include the formulation of pellets for tablets or suppositories, and the preparation of a veterinary bolus.
- Glyceryl monostearate has also been used as a matrix ingredient for a biodegradable, implantable, controlledrelease dosage form.
- When using glyceryl monostearate in a formulation, the possibility of polymorph formation should be considered. The aform is dispersible and foamy, useful as an emulsifying agent or preservative. The denser, more stable, b-form is suitable for wax matrices. This application has been used to mask the flavor of clarithromycin in a pediatric formulation.
Glyceryl Mono Stearate GMS waxy substance is a fatty acid that is derived from vegetable oil, soy oil, or palm kernel oil and is an outstanding emulsifier that offers umpteen benefits and merits use in personal care, cosmetics, and the food industry.
Physical properties:
| Melting point | 78-81°c |
| Boiling point | 410.96°c |
| Density | 0.9700 |
| Refractive index | 1.4400 |
| Storage temprature | Sealed in dry,store in freezer, under-20°c |
| Solublity | Soluble in hot ethanol, ether, chloroform, hot acetone, mineral oil, and fixed oils. Practicallly insoluble in water, but may be dispersed in water with the aid of a small amount of soap or other surfactant. |
| Form | Powder |
| Colour | Pure-white or cream-colord, wax-like solid |
| Odour | Faint |
| Water solublity | Soluble in hot organic solvents. Soluble in hot water.Slightly soluble in ehanol.Insoluble in aliphatic solvents |
CONCENTRATION AND SOLUBILITY- It can generally be used at a concentration of 1% to 10%. It is insoluble in water and soluble in oil and ethanol.
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GMS Molecular Formula: C21H42O4
Molecular Weight of GMS 358.56
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